Beginner’s Guide

Bearded dragons, affectionately known as “beardies,” are one of the most popular reptile pets, loved for their friendly demeanor and fascinating behaviors. Whether you’re a new pet owner or considering bringing a bearded dragon into your home, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know to ensure your scaly friend is happy and healthy.

Understanding Bearded Dragons

Before diving into the care specifics, it’s important to understand a bit about bearded dragons as a species. Native to the arid regions of Australia, bearded dragons are named for the spiky “beard” of skin under their chin, which they can puff up when threatened or excited. They are known for their calm temperament, making them excellent pets for both beginners and experienced reptile enthusiasts.

Choosing Your Bearded Dragon

When selecting a bearded dragon, there are a few factors to consider:

• Age: Hatchlings and juveniles are more delicate and require more care, while adults are hardier and might be easier for beginners.
• Health: Look for a dragon that is alert, has clear eyes, and shows no signs of injury or illness (such as swollen joints, discolored skin, or labored breathing).
• Temperament: While bearded dragons are generally friendly, observe how the dragon reacts to handling. A calm, curious dragon is a good sign.

Setting Up the Habitat

A proper habitat is essential for the health and well-being of your bearded dragon. Here’s what you need to know:

1. Tank Size

   • A 20-gallon tank is sufficient for hatchlings, but adults will need a much larger enclosure, typically at least 40 to 75 gallons.

2. Substrate

   • Safe Choices: Reptile carpet, paper towels, or ceramic tiles.
   • Avoid: Loose substrates like sand or wood chips, as they can cause impaction if ingested.

3. Lighting and Heating

   • UVB Lighting: Bearded dragons require UVB light to synthesize vitamin D3, which is crucial for calcium absorption. Without it, they can develop metabolic bone disease.
   • Heat: Provide a basking spot with a temperature of 95-110°F and a cooler side of 75-85°F. Use a basking bulb or ceramic heat emitter.

4. Hides and Décor

   • Hiding Spots: Include at least one hideout where your dragon can feel secure.
   • Basking Spots: Create a basking area with a rock or branch under the heat source.
   • Climbing Structures: Bearded dragons enjoy climbing, so include branches or rocks that they can scale.

Diet and Nutrition

Bearded dragons are omnivores, meaning they eat both plant and animal matter. Here’s a breakdown of what they need:

1. Insects

   • Staples: Crickets, dubia roaches, and mealworms.
   • Occasional Treats: Waxworms, superworms (high in fat, so feed sparingly).
   • Feeding Frequency: Juveniles should be fed insects 2-3 times daily, while adults can be fed insects every other day.

2. Vegetables and Greens

   • Staples: Collard greens, mustard greens, and dandelion greens.
   • Occasional Veggies: Squash, bell peppers, and carrots.
   • Feeding Frequency: Offer fresh vegetables daily.

3. Fruits

   • Treats: Berries, apples, and melons (small amounts occasionally).

4. Supplements

   • Calcium Powder: Dust insects with calcium powder 3-4 times a week.
   • Multivitamins: Use a reptile-specific multivitamin once a week.

Handling and Bonding

Bearded dragons are known for their docile nature, but they still need time to adjust to handling. Here are some tips:

1. Start Slowly

   • Give your dragon a few days to acclimate to their new environment before handling.

2. Gentle Handling

   • Support their body fully when lifting them, and avoid sudden movements that could startle them.

3. Regular Interaction

   • Spend time with your dragon daily to build trust. They may enjoy sitting on your lap or exploring a safe space under supervision.

4. Watch for Stress Signs

   • If your dragon shows signs of stress (gaping mouth, darkened beard), give them a break from handling.

Health and Wellness

Keeping an eye on your bearded dragon’s health is crucial. Regular check-ups and proper care can prevent many common issues:

1. Signs of a Healthy Dragon

   • Bright eyes, active behavior, smooth shedding, and a healthy appetite are all good signs.

2. Common Health Issues

   • Metabolic Bone Disease: Caused by a lack of UVB light or calcium. Symptoms include tremors, soft bones, and difficulty moving.
   • Respiratory Infections: Often a result of improper temperatures or humidity. Symptoms include wheezing, mucus around the nose, and lethargy.
   • Impaction: Caused by ingesting loose substrate or undigested food. Signs include lack of appetite, bloating, and lethargy.

3. Routine Care

   • Bathing: Offer a shallow bath once a week to help with hydration and shedding.
   • Nail Trimming: Trim your dragon’s nails regularly to prevent them from becoming too sharp or getting caught on surfaces.
   • Shedding: Bearded dragons shed their skin as they grow. Ensure humidity levels are appropriate and provide rough surfaces to aid in shedding.

Creating a Routine

Consistency is key in caring for a bearded dragon. Establish a daily routine for feeding, lighting, and interaction to keep your dragon comfortable and healthy.

1. Lighting Schedule

   • Provide 12-14 hours of light daily, and ensure the UVB light is replaced every 6-12 months.

2. Feeding Routine

   • Feed at the same times each day, and remove uneaten food to prevent spoilage.

3. Cleaning

   • Spot clean the enclosure daily and perform a deep clean monthly.

Final Thoughts

Bearded dragons are rewarding pets that, with proper care, can live up to 10-15 years or more. By following the guidelines in this beginner’s guide, you’ll be well on your way to providing a happy, healthy life for your new scaly friend. Remember, the more you learn and engage with your bearded dragon, the stronger your bond will become, making the experience enjoyable for both you and your pet.